| Abstract | Kulture kratkih ophodnji predstavljaju brzorastuće drveće koje se proizvode u energetske svrhe. Njihovim uzgojem proizvodi se biomasa koja se upotrebljava za proizvodnju električne i toplinske energije, te se prerađuju u bioplin ili tekuća biogoriva. Visoke prinose očekujemo od druge do osme godine, čiji vijek nasada iznosi do 20 godina. Njihova prednost je što se uzgajaju na tlima na kojima nisu rentabilni dugi oblici proizvodnje, odnosno na kojima poljoprivredne kulture poput uljarica ili žitarica ne uspijevaju. Sade se kao reznice ili mladice. Hrvatska ima veliki potencijal za uzgoj kultura kratkih ophodnji, jer posjeduje veliki dio neobrađenih i godinama zapuštenih poljoprivrednih površina. Ekonomskom analizom je zagarantirana njihova isplativost. Tome svjedoče mala ulaganja, jer se kod uzgoja kultura kratkih ophodnji uglavnom ne koriste gnojiva i pesticidi ili uzgajivači koriste u vrlo malom količinama. Ekološki su značajne, jer poboljšavaju kvalitetu vode, smanjuju unos umjetnih materijala (gnojiva, pesticida), ublažavaju širenje bolesti životinja na farmama, povećavaju biološku raznolikost područja, pružaju usluge ekosustava (lov, pčelarstvo, opskrba vodom, zaštita od požara), sprječavaju erozije i ublažavaju klimatske promjene, zbog skladištenja ugljikovog dioksida. Također, pri uzgoju kultura kratkih ophodnji ne postoji veliki intenzitet rada i angažman kao kod poljoprivrednih usjeva, što je velika snaga, jer ju mogu koristiti i poljoprivrednici starije dobi, te mlađa populacija. Postoji Pravilnik koji propisuje domaće i strane vrste biljaka koje se smiju uzgajati na području Republike Hrvatske na način da se ne ugrožavaju okoliš i priroda, s ciljem pridonošenja u ostvarivanju ekonomski isplative proizvodnje biomase za energetske svrhe. Pridržavanjem ekološke proizvodnje omogućena su „zelena plaćanja“. Provedenom SWOT analizom obuhvaćene su prijetnje, slabosti, snaga i prilike gdje je utvrđen nedostatak znanja ljudi o poslovanju i proizvodnji. Uzgojem kultura kratkih ophodnji mogućnost je u otvaranju novih radnih mjesta i poboljšanju gospodarske djelatnosti. |
| Abstract (english) | Shortwave cultures are fast growing trees that are produced for energy purposes. Their cultivation produces biomass that is used to produce electricity and heat, and is converted into biogas or liquid biofuels. We expect high yields from the second to the eighth year, whose plantation life is up to 20 years. Their advantage is that they are grown on soils that are not viable for long production, or where crops such as oilseeds or cereals fail. They are planted as cuttings or saplings. Croatia has great potential for the cultivation of short patrol crops, as it has a large share of arable and neglected agricultural land. Economic analysis guarantees their profitability. This is evidenced by the low investment because fertilizers are generally not used in the cultivation of short patches and pesticides or growers are used in very small quantities. They are ecologically significant because they improve water quality, reduce the input of artificial materials (fertilizers, pesticides), reduce the spread of animal diseases on farms, increase the biodiversity of the area, provide ecosystem services (hunting, beekeeping, water supply, fire protection), prevent erosion and climate change mitigation due to carbon dioxide storage. Also, when cultivating short patches, there is no high intensity of work and engagement as with agricultural crops, which is a great strength because it can be used by older farmers and the younger population. There is an Ordinance that prescribes domestic and foreign species of plants that may be grown in the territory of the Republic of Croatia in such a way that they do not endanger the environment and nature, with the aim of contributing to the economically viable production of biomass for energy purposes. Adherence to organic production makes green payments possible. The SWOT analysis covers threats, weaknesses, strengths and opportunities where a lack of knowledge of business and production was identified. By cultivating short patrol cultures, it is an opportunity to create jobs and improve economic activity. |
