Ecological agriculture is the foundation of protection and conservation of nature, which is significantly disturbed by excessive and irrational spending of natural resources through conventional management. Croatia has potential for ecological agriculture. The interconnection of plant and livestock production with the aim of establishing ecological stability should be focused on the potential use of all 27 legally protected native breeds of domestic animals in the Republic of Croatia. All original breeds have common properties of high altitude adaptation to outdoor life, high resistance to disease, endurance, longevity, marked mobility of well-developed carcasses, modesty in water and food requirements, excellent utilization of lower quality food and scarce quantities. Compared to high-yielding commercial breeds, they are more modest in terms of production, but those crossbreeds can only improve some production characteristics (milk, meatiness), primarily because of economic profitability. Potential economic benefits of native breeds are still not sufficiently recognized and exploited, because populations are small, unsustainable, their production properties are not profitable. Increased profitability through economic gain and permanent organization of production would encourage younger farmers to increase the farming of native breeds in ecological husbandry. Growing a number of original breeders would provide greater production of end products that would leave the frame of traditional production and become well-recognized standardized products with marketing activities pointing this type of healthy foods which would ensure constant sales and market recognition. The importance of preserving native breeds is not just economic gain. There is a multifarious benefit from ecologically growing in areas where other breeds can not survive. Living on such areas, they maintain the environment, do not disturb biodiversity, natural habitats and natural processes, and do not violate the established balance in nature. Preservation of genetic resources is the responsibility of each state, as they are part of the cultural and economic treasures. Strategy, policy and legislation are the basis of the work of scientific and professional institutions that control and improve the animal production of native breeds with the aim of preserving and protecting genetic resources.