| Abstract | Radi utvrđivanja raznolikosti faune ektoparazita, njihove rasprostranjenosti, učestalosti pojavljivanja, spolne strukture, razvojnih stadija, područja prihvaćanja te vektorskog potencijala, pregledane su 1723 jedinke 6 vrsta divljih papkara (jelen obični, jelen lopatar, srna obična, svinja divlja, muflon, divokoza), na 45 lokacija u 3 biogeografske regije. Ektoparaziti su determinirani do razine vrste, a 170 ih je podvrgnuto genetskoj analizi sekvenciranjem odsječka 16S rRNA i odsječka COI gena. Sa 664 invadirane jedinke divljih papkara (38,53%) prikupljeno je 5477 ektoparazita, od čega je 11 vrsta pronađeno u kontinentalnoj regiji, u alpinskoj 7 i u mediteranskoj 8 vrsta. Među 10 vrsta krpelja dominantni je Ixodes ricinus (77,49%), slijede Dermacentor reticulatus (10,31%), Haemaphysalis concinna (8,77%), Ixodes gibbosus (0,91%), Haemaphysalis inermis (0,62%), Haemaphysalis punctata (0,51%), Dermacentor marginatus (0,45%), Rhipicephalus bursa (0,37%), Ixodes hexagonus (0,31%) i Hyalomma marginatum (0,22%). Od ostalih vrsta najzastupljeniji su kukci Lipoptena cervi (33,63%), Haematophinus suis (0,96%), Hippobosca equina (0,93%), Damalinia spp. (0,32%) te pijavica Haemopis sanguisuga (0,05%). Sekvencioniranjem su dokazana 3 haplotipa za I. ricinus, 1 za H. inermis te 2 za R.bursa. je Za dvije vrste divljih papkara je po prvi puta potvrđeno da su nespecifični nositelji ektoparazita: jelen obični za H. suis i divlja svinja za H. sanguisuga, što je prvo bilježenje ove pijavice na sisavcima. Pronalazak vrsta I. gibbosus u kontinentalnoj, D. reticulatus u mediteranskoj i Hy. marginatum u alpinskoj regiji značajno odstupa od dosad poznate rasprostranjenosti tih vrsta u Hrvatskoj, što ukazuje na učinke klimatskih promjena na biologiju i ekologiju ektoparazita i divljih papkara. |
| Abstract (english) | In order to determine diversity of ectoparasite fauna, its distribution, frequency of occurrence, sexual structure, developmental stages, attachment sites and vector potential, 1723 individuals of 6 species of wild ungulates (red deer, fallow deer, roe deer, wild boar, mouflon, chamois) were examined at 45 locations in 3 biogeographical regions. Ectoparasites were determined to the species level and 170 were subjected to genetic analysis by sequencing the 16S rRNA segment and the COI gene segment. From 664 infested individuals (38.53%) of wild ungulates, 5477 ectoparasites were collected, of which 11 species were found in the Continental region, 7 in the Alpine and 8 in the Mediterranean region. Among 10 tick species, Ixodes ricinus was dominant (77.49%), followed by Dermacentor reticulatus (10.31%), Haemaphysalis concinna (8.77%), Ixodes gibbosus (0.91%), Haemaphysalis inermis (0.62%), Haemaphysalis punctata (0.51%), Dermacentor marginatus (0.45%), Rhipicephalus bursa (0.37%), Ixodes hexagonus (0.31%) and Hyalomma marginatum (0.22%). Among other species, the most common were insects Lipoptena cervi (33.63%), Haematophinus suis (0.96%), Hippobosca equina (0.93%), Damalinia spp. (0.32%), and leech Haemopis sanguisuga (0,05%). Sequencing revealed 3 haplotypes of I. ricinus, 1 of H. inermis and 2 of R. bursa. For the first time it was confirmed that two species of wild ungulates are nonspecific carriers of ectoparasites: red deer for H. suis and wild boar for H. sanguisuga, which is the first record of this leech on mammals. Finding of I. gibbosus in Continental region, D. reticulatus in Mediterranean and Hy. marginatum in Alpine region significantly deviates from their hitherto known distribution in Croatia, indicating the effects of climate change on biology and ecology of ectoparasites and wild ungulates. |
