This paper analyzes the factors of foreign trade hazelnuts in the world and in Croatia. At the national level, we have an insight into the Croatian foreign trade of agricultural and food products, which recorded a deficit of 7 billion and 786 million dollars in the period from 2002 to 2011. Already this information leads us to think that foreign exchange of hazelnut also recorded a deficit. It is also analyzed the production of hazelnuts and foreign trade of the Republic of Croatia where progress is visible, but it's a very slow progress which is sufficient to meet only 5% of the needs of the domestic hazelnut market. In the world largest producer of hazelnuts is Turkey, which is also the largest exporter in the world, and large part of its stock exports in the largest imorting country- Germany. World production on the average of the last 10 years is holding the same production capacity of about 800,000 tons, while Turkey is the leading country with 70% of world production. It is also made a price comparison in 3 largest countries for the production of hazelnuts in the world and in the Croatia, where the common conclusion is that the price of hazelnuts in the period from 2002. to 2011. is increased by almost 3 times, what may be an encouragement to producers to increase production. In order to have an overall picture of hazelnuts, it was created a detailed calculation of costs which gain insight into the cost of raising crops under 3 years old, and also the possible gain when the hazelnuts reaches the level of full fertility.