Title Razvoj rogovlja jelena običnog (Cervus elaphus L.) u kontroliranom uzgoju
Title (english) Development of red deer antlers (Cervus elaphus L.) in controlled breeding
Author Jumić Vlado
Mentor Tihomir Florijančić (mentor)
Mentor Krešimir Krapinec (komentor)
Committee member Ivica Bošković (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Marcela Šperanda (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Zdravko Tolušić (član povjerenstva)
Granter Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek (Department of Animal Production and Biotechnology) Osijek
Defense date and country 2021-07-09, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES Agronomy Game Management
Universal decimal classification (UDC ) 638/639 - Apiculture. Keeping, breeding and management of insects and other arthropods. Hunting. Fishing. Fish breeding
Thesaurus (NSK Kontrolirani rječnik)
Hunting
Deer breeding
Abstract S obzirom na morfološko-fiziološka obilježja rasta i razvoja rogovlja jelen obični u zoologijskoj je sistematici svrstan u punorošce (porodica Cervidae). Rogovlje je sekundarna oznaka spola koje nose samo mužjaci. U smislu lovstva jelen obični svrstan je u lovnu divljač, a njegovo rogovlje predstavlja trofej na temelju kojega se procjenjuje njegova vrijednost. U uzgojno-selekcijskom radu značajna pozornost usmjerava se na njihovu kvalitetu, a posljedično tomu na veću financijsku vrijednost i bolju konkurentnost na tržištu. Jelen obični najčešće se uzgaja u slobodnoj prirodi, ali se sve češće uzgaja i u kontroliranim uvjetima, pri čemu živi u relativno idealnim životnim uvjetima hranidbe uz smanjeni prirodni mortalitet. Istraživanje je obavljeno u znanstveno istraživačkom centru „Šeprešhat“ poduzeća "Hrvatske šume d.o.o.“ i lovištu „Podunavlje-Podravlje“ u Baranji, a bazirano je na biometrijskim podacima 167 parova odbačenih grana rogovlja od 10 jelena iz kontroliranog uzgoja i 4 jelena iz slobodne prirode, što ukupno iznosi 4.016 pokazatelja. Odbačeno rogovlje skupljano je od 2004. do 2017., a mjereno je 11 standardnih mjera koje propisuje Međunarodni savjet za lovstvo (tzv. CIC), te još 11 inoviranih pokazatelja koji egzaktnije pokazuju vrijednost odnosno perspektivnost jelena običnog (volumen rogovlja, kut otklona nadočnjaka, duljina tetive nadočnjaka, visina nadočnjaka, kut otklona ledenjaka (stupanj), duljina tetive ledenjaka, visina ledenjaka, kut otklona srednjaka, duljina tetive srednjaka, visina srednjaka i visina krune). Rezultati pokazuju da jeleni iz kontroliranog uzgoja imaju značajno (P<0,005) dulje grane od onih iz slobodne prirode. Kod jelena iz kontroliranog uzgoja kulminacija broja parožaka, broja parožaka krune te duljina parožaka krune nastupa s navršenih 8 godina života (u 9. godini), duljine grana, nadočnjaka i srednjaka te trofejne vrijednosti jelena iz kontroliranog uzgoja nastupa s navršenih 9 godina (u 10. godini), dok se gospodarska starost u slobodnom uzgoju procjenjuje na 12 godina. Ledenjak je uvijek kraći (P<0,00001) od nadočnjaka i srednjaka , dok između nadočnjaka i srednjaka nema razlike u duljini (P=0,772). Od pokazatelja „masivnosti“ rogovlja gustoća grana ne pokazuje ovisnost o dobi grla. Nije utvrđena razlika u gustoći rogovlja između jelena iz slobodne prirode i jelena iz kontroliranog uzgoja, a ona u prosjeku iznosi 1,25 kg/dm3 (od 0,76 do 2,47 kg/dm3). Kutovi otklona nadočnjaka, ledenjaka i srednjaka ne ovise o dobi grla, bez obzira radi li se o kontroliranom ili prirodnom uzgoju, dok je odnos tetiva i relativnih visina parožaka o dobi dosta varijabilna, bez obzira o kojem tipu uzgoja se radi. Kod jelena iz kontroliranog uzgoja odnosi tetiva svih triju istraživanih parožaka ne pokazuju povezanost s dobi jelena. Razlika između kutova otklona nadočnjaka i srednjaka može poslužiti za donošenje odluke o odstrjelu jelena. Znak da je jelen prošao asimptotsku starost je razlika između kutova otklona nadočnjaka i srednjaka od barem 70º. Od tri testirane funkcije razvoja rogovlja najbolje se pokazala Weibullova funkcija, a nakon nje kvadratna. Gompertzova funkcija, u gotovo svim slučajevima, objašnjava vrlo malo varijabilnosti u svim ispitivanim pokazateljima. Zaključno, većina istraživanih pokazatelja kod jelena iz kontroliranog uzgoja imala je više vrijednosti od jelena iz slobodne prirode, a razdoblje postizanja asimptotskih vrijednosti u kontroliranom uzgoju je znatno skraćeno.
Abstract (english) Based on the morphophysiological antler growth and development features, the red deer is classified in zoological systematics as true deer (the family Cervidae), with the antlers representing a secondary sexual characteristic since they can be found only on male animals. In terms of hunting, the red deer is classified as big game, and the antlers of the red deer are deemed as a trophy which determines its value on the market. Deer farmers and breeders pay particular attention to their quality and subsequently higher financial value and market competitiveness. The red deer is most often bred in the open, but breeding in fenced controlled conditions is becoming more popular. In the latter case, the deer live in relatively ideal feeding conditions with s reduced natural mortality rate. The research was conducted in the “Šeprešhat” research centre managed by the company “Hrvatske šume d.o.o.” and the “Podunavlje-Podravlje” hunting grounds in Baranja, and was based on biometric data from 167 pairs of shed antlers from ten feedlot cervids and four wild cervids, which makes a total of 4016 parameters. The shed antlers were collected from 2004 to 2017 and measured according to 11 standard parameters prescribed by the International Council for Game and Wildlife Conservation (CIC), and additionally according to 11 new parameters that more precisely determine the value and potential of the red deer (antler volume, brow tine deflection angle, brow tine length, brow tine height, bay tine deflection angle (degrees), bay tine length, bay tine height, tray tine deflection angle, tray tine length, tray tine height, crown height). The results show that stags from controlled breeding have significantly (P<0,005) longer tines than their wild counterparts. When breeding in controlled conditions, the number of tines, crown tines and crown tine lengths culminate after 8 years of age (in the 9th year); the highest lengths of beams, brow tines, and bay tines are reached after 9 years of age (in the 10th year), whereas the economic life in the open is estimated at 12 years of age. The bay tine is always shorter (P<0,00001) than the brow tine and the tray tine; there are no length differences between the brow tine and the tray tine (P=0,772). Among the indicators of “largeness” of antlers, the density of antlers does not correlate with deer age. No differences were observed in the density of stags bred in the open and those bred in controlled conditions. The average density is 1.25 kg/dm3 (from 0.76 to 2.47 kg/dm3). The deflection angles of brow, bay and tray tines do not depend on deer age nor the open or controlled breeding conditions; however, the relationship between lengths and relative heights of tines is rather variable, regardless of the breeding environment. Stags bred in controlled breeding conditions do not show a correlation between the lengths of all three tines covered in this research. The difference between the deflection angles of brow and bay tines can serve as a decision point for shooting the deer. The difference between deflection angles of brow and bay tines of at least 70° is an indicator of passed asymptotical senescence. From the three tested functions describing antler development, the Weibull function performed the best, followed by the quadratic function. The Gompertz function, in almost all cases, explains very little variability across all parameters covered in the research. To conclude, the majority of parameters had higher values in stags bred in fenced controlled conditions than in stags bred in the open, and the time required to reach the asymptotic values in controlled breeding conditions is significantly shortened.
Keywords
morfometrija rogovlja
kontrolirani uzgoj
jelen obični
Gompertzova funkcija
kvadratna funkcija
Weibullova funkcija
Keywords (english)
antlers morphometry
controlled breeding
red deer
Gompertz function
quadratic function
Weibull function
Language croatian
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:151:078477
Promotion 2021
Study programme Title: agricultural science Study programme type: university Study level: postgraduate Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica znanosti, područje biotehničkih znanosti, polje poljoprivreda (doktor/doktorica znanosti, područje biotehničkih znanosti, polje poljoprivreda)
Type of resource Text
Extent 140 str .;ilustr.; graf. prikazi i tablice: 30 cm
File origin Born digital
Access conditions Open access
Terms of use
Public note doktorska disertacija
Created on 2021-11-02 11:01:27