As a result of significant climate changes, average temperatures are rising with reduced amounts of precipitation during the growing season, which also negatively affects apple production. Therefore, when planting plantations, it is important to take care of the correct selection of the variety with regard to the microclimatic conditions that are specific to a certain growing area. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the physiological response in the leaves of 33 apple varieties to heat and drought stress in two microclimatically different localities, Tenja and Donja Zelina. On average for both localities, the lowest chlorophyll a content was found in the Gala Dark Ann variety, and the highest in the Jeromine variety, while the lowest chlorophyll b concentration was found in the Pinova variety, and the highest in the leaves of the Orion variety. The variety Braeburn Maririred stood out with the lowest, and Red Idared with the highest proline content in the leaves. The variety with the highest phenol content in the leaves was Collina2, and the Karneval variety stood out with the highest flavonoid content. A significant influence of locality on all examined parameters was also determined. Based on the analyzed parameters, several cultivars stood out for their resistance to drought and temperature stress in both investigated localities, and the cultivars Braeburn Aporo Mariri Red, Braeburn Lochbuie, Gala Schnitzer Schniga, Gala Schnicored and Granny Smith could be recommended for cultivation in continental Croatia.