| Abstract | Metabolomika je jedna od grana „multi-omik“ pristupa, koja se bavi profiliranjem metabolita u različitim tjelesnim tekućinama i tkivima. Mastitis je još uvijek vrlo učestala bolest mliječnog govedarstva i traže se rješenja za rano otkrivanje početka bolesti. Istraživanje je provedeno na 151 kravi holštajn pasmine od 2. do 5. laktacije prosječne proizvodnje mlijeka veće od 30 L. Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi povezanost određenih pokazatelja u mlijeku i krvi krava i pojavnosti upale mliječne žlijezde u cilju otkrivanja biomarkera za neinvazivno i brzo otkrivanje promjena u mliječnoj žlijezdi i dijagnozi mastitisa. Cilj je bio utvrditi procijenjene srednje vrijednosti biomarkera u pojedinim četvrtima vimena s obzirom na broj somatskih stanica, pojavnost mikroorganizama, broju liječenja mastitisa i kondiciji. U ovom istraživanju utvrdili smo da postoji povezanost između pojedinih indikatora metaboličkog i zdravstvenog statusa mliječnih krava, te smo utvrditi da niže navedeni istraživani pokazatelji su biomarkeri koji mogu biti korisni prediktori mastitisa: 1. biokemijski pokazatelji u krvi: Ukupni proteini, Fe, Urea, Glukoza, P, LDL i BHB, 2. biokemijski pokazatelji u mlijeku: Fe, Glukoza, Ca i Urea, 3. slobodne aminokiseline određivane u mlijeku: Hidroksiprolin, Histidin, Glutaminska kiselina, Leucin, Lizin, Alanin, Fenilalanin, Glicin, Glutamin, Serin i Triptofan, 4. proteini akutne faze: AGP, CRP, Haptoglobin i SAA3. Možemo zaključiti da su smanjenje dnevnog sadržaja mliječne masti, smanjenje koncentracije Fe u serumu i niska koncentacija ureje u krvi dobari prediktori narušenog zdravlja vimena i mastitisa. Više koncentracije aminokiselina u mlijeku, ukupnih proteina u krvi i najviše koncentracije proteina akutne faze utvrđene su u skupini krava s kliničkim mastitisom. |
| Abstract (english) | Metabolomics, a branch of the "multi-omics" approach, focuses on profiling metabolites in various body fluids and tissues. Mastitis, an inflammation of the mammary gland, remains the most costly disease in intensive dairy cattle farming. This research aimed to identify correlations between specific indicators in the milk and blood of cows and the incidence of mammary gland inflammation to detect biomarkers for non-invasive and rapid detection of changes in the mammary gland and diagnosis of mastitis. The study determined estimated mean values of biomarkers in individual udder quarters based on the number of somatic cells, the presence of microorganisms, the number of mastitis treatments, and overall condition. Conducted on 151 Holstein cows in their 2nd to 5th lactation with an average milk production of over 30 liters, the research identified useful biomarkers for predicting mastitis: biochemical indicators in blood (Total proteins, Fe, Urea, Glucose, P, LDL, and BHB), biochemical indicators in milk (Fe, Glucose, Ca, and Urea), free amino acids in milk (Hydroxyproline, Histidine, Glutamic acid, Leucine, Lysine, Alanine, Phenylalanine, Glycine, Glutamine, Serine, and Tryptophan), and acute phase proteins (AGP, CRP, Haptoglobin, and SAA3). In this research, we have determined that there is a connection between certain indicators of the metabolic and health status of dairy cows, and we have determined that the investigated indicators listed below are biomarkers that can be useful predictors of mastitis: 1. biochemical indicators in the blood: Total proteins, Fe, Urea, Glucose, P, LDL and BHB, 2. biochemical indicators in milk: Fe, Glucose, Ca and Urea, 3. free amino acids determined in milk: Hydroxyproline, Histidine, Glutamic acid, Leucine, Lysine, Alanine, Phenylalanine, Glycine, Glutamine, Serine and Tryptophan, 4. acute phase proteins: AGP, CRP, Haptoglobin and SAA3. We can conclude that a decrease in daily milk fat content, a decrease in serum Fe concentration and a low blood urea concentration are good predictors of impaired udder health and mastitis. Higher concentrations of certain amino acids in milk, total proteins in blood and the highest concentration of acute phase proteins were determined in the group of cows with clinical mastitis. |
