Aim of the research was to inquire the sustainability of grazing cattle in contemporary Croatian conditions. The research was founded on literature review and own projections. The research has shown that partial transition from arable forages to grazing leys would yield lesser forage dry matter (DM) per unit area. To maintain the current annual forage DM production there were proposed two scenarios regarding the placement of majority of cattle. According to the 1st scenario (keeping the majority of cattle at the arable land), the total area of forage crops should be extended for up to 20.000 ha. The required additional area could be provided from the currently excessive wheat and maize crops. According to the 2nd scenario the majority of cattle should be removed to areas with dominating permanent grasslands: the hilly and mountainous Croatia. In that scenario the additional area for forage production would not be require, but there would be rather increased the utilization rate of currently underutilized grasslands. Both of the scenarios are theoretical oppositions, and in praxis they would act complementary. By the transition to grazing the costs of consumed forage DM would decrease, and therefore the cost of meat and milk as well. Overall lower production costs would be enhanced by the longer exploitation span of cattle and lower veterinary expenses. There would be expected a better quality of meat and milk and the better consumers acceptance too. Turn of arable land to perennial grazing leys would enhance the biodiversity, and lessen the nutrients run-off, pesticides emission to the environment, soil erosion, and would improve the soils capacity for infiltration and storing the water thus contributing to a lesser floods and drought stress. Reintroduction of grazing would make the countryside landscape more beautiful and pleasant with increased attractivity for agroturism. Removal of cattle to the hilly and mountainous region would increase the rural population and relieve the urban density, what would lessen the garbage production.