In this study advantages of in vivo haploid induction method are estimated for applying in breeding and selection of maize. The main objectives of the study were: 1. to detect if there were differences in structure of traits and variability between doubled haploid lines and F2 generation plants, as well as irregularities in segregation ratio in doubled haploids, 2. to evaluate suitability of creating maize lines by doubled haploid method for usage in maize breeding and 3. to estimate the possibility of transfering genome segments of inducer to genome of haploids during the in vivo haploid induction. As a donor material, we selected 11 single crossed maize hybrids that contained elite germplasm of Agricultural Institute Osijek. The haploid induction was performed by inducer ZMK, and doubling of chromosomes by colchicine injection method. For the comparative analysis, 3 populations of both haploids and F2 generations were chosen from the same starting material. Based on agronomic and morphologic data, 10 traits were involved in analysis, and molecular analysis using SNP markers was performed on doubled haploid lines from 3 chosen populations, their parental inbred lines and haploid inducer. There were differences among tested genotypes in average frequencies of induced haploids, but average relative frequencies of haploids were in the range which is typical for inducer ZMK, and the accuracy of R-nj marker expression was very high in all tested genotypes. For all tested traits, significant differences were found among doubled haploid lines and it was possible to isolate lines improved for specific trait in comparison with parental inbred lines. Variability of agronomic and morphologic traits was lower in doubled haploid lines in comparison with F2 generation for all traits except for an interval between polination and silking, while deviations from expected segregation ratio were estimated for all of tree populations of doubled haploid lines, particularly for the population Os 2703. Segments of inducer chromosomes were found in a very low percentage, in the most of doubled haploid lines.