The aim of the paper was to present climate change with a view to drought and its impact on humans, the environment and agriculture, especially crop production, with particular attention to the impact of drought on cereal production. The concept of drought has been analyzed in several aspects.Climate is defined as the average condition of weather, expressed through certain values such as temperature, amount and distribution of precipitation over a long period of time. Rising temperature, rising sea levels, erosion and extreme events such as drought, floods, and storms are the main features of climate changes. These changes occur at the same time as the world's population growth which is a big problem globally due to the necessity of producing more food. Agriculture faces the great challenge of increasing the level of food production under unfavorable conditions such as drought. Drought stress is a special type of abiotic stress that results from the insufficient amount of water required for normal plant growth and development which results in low yields. On cereals, as key plants for human consumption that occupy the largest share of agricultural land, are given particular attention when it comes to climate change. The paper describes the properties and water needs of the most common cereals - maize, wheat and barley and their reaction to drought. Irrigation, breeding for drought tolerance and adequate agro-technology are the most common methods used to mitigate the effects of drought