This paper is based on a study of the new and so far unknown disease for the European continent. Lumpy skin disease is an extremely contagious disease affecting only cattle. It was first observed in Zambia in 1929 and in 2012 it moved from the territory of African countries to the countries of the Near East and spread to Southeast Europe in 2015. The cause of the disease is a virus of the lumpy skin disease which belongs to the family of Poxviridae and the genus Capripoxvirus. The name originates from the classic, clinical symptoms of infection that manifest itself as nodules and lumps on the skin of a cattle. These symptoms are followed by high temperature, increased eye dryness and salivary secretion, reduced milk production, general weakness of the cattle, sterility, abortion, lumps can be turned into ulcers that leave open wounds on the surface of the epidermis after they fall out, the symptoms may be subclinical. The main carriers of the disease are blood-fed vectors, such as mosquitoes, ticks and flies, and in the minor case, the infection is spread by contact with the cattle. In general, there is no cure for lumpy skin disease, resulting symptoms can just be alleviated, the infected cattle are culled which is also the way that the disease is prevented. The most effective method of preventing the spread of the disease has been the vaccination that has been applied by almost all countries of South East Europe and with that, they successfully eradicated the disease by 2018. The Initiative of the Republic of Croatia on preventive immunization and cattle trade with the observance of special rules and regulations has become a common strategy of the European Union to combat contagion. The European Commission has given Croatia the status of a country that has preventively vaccinated cattle but is free from the lumpy skin disease because of the rapid and urgent work of experts. Balkan countries affected by the disease have suffered huge economic losses and because of the affected neighbouring states, such as Russia, Turkey and Georgia, monitoring of the infection keeps continuing in Europe.