The paper describes hydroponic cultivation, with emphasis on the Cucumis sativus L. and the characteristics of its production, genetic potentials and possibilities in such intensive and controlled production as hydroponic. Salad cucumber in hydroponic production can have yields up to 20-30 kilo per m2. For larger areas up to 12,000 m2 are required working flow units of 20 m3. Such units are prepared with 3-4 receptions. The number of recipes is determined by number of associated nutrient containers. Each recipe requires two separate containers, type A and type B. Acid preparation is common shared by all recipes. An additional water tank is installed in the immediate vicinity of the unit. The size of this tank also determines the basis of the average daily water consumption, which as a rule does not exceed 10 liters per m2 in 24 hours. The most common vegetable substrate in hydroponics is rock wool. Plants are grown in a nutrient solution that is rich in nutrients in the form of inorganic ions. The nutrient solution contains optimal ratio of all necessary nutrients and it has established pH values and electrical conductivity (EC-value). High efficiency is achieved by dosing nutrients, water and microclimate via a computer. Number of indications during day depends on the weather, the amount of light, the development of crops and rootstocks. Due to the small volume of substrate per plant, frequent fertigation is required. Thus, when growing on rock wool during the day, there can be over 30 irrigations per day, with 3-4 liters of nutrient solution per plant. The irrigation and fertilization system can be open type or closed type system. An optimal hydroponic system uses about 90% less water than tillage, including a drip system, and has higher nutritional value of vegetables. The highest quality and most suitable heating of the greenhouse interior for hydroponic cultivation of fruitful vegetables is achieved by suitable hot water heating system through floor pipes. Cucumber seeds are larger. It can be sown directly into the growing blocks of rock wool. The time of production of cucumber seedlings depends on the climate and season and is usually 21-28 days.